Paper fabric.



PATENTED MAY 26, 1903.

J. ARKELL. PAPER FABRIC. APPLIOATION FILED JULY 5, 1902.

no MODEL.

Mitnasses: In wentor W by mtg.

UNITED STATES Patented May 26, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES ARKELL, OF CANAJOHARIE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO SARAH HALL ARKELL,OF CANAJOHARIE, YORK.

PAPER FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 728,828, dated May 26,1903.

Application filed July 5, 1902. Serial No. 114,374. (No specimens.)

f all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES ARKELL, a citizen of the United States, a'udaresident of Oanajoharie, in the coun'ty'of Montgomery and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in PaperFabrics, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactspecification.

This invention is an improved paper fabric for purposes which requireflexibility and elasticity in all directions combined with tensilestrengthin all directions, the elastic-.-

ity and'flexibility enabling the fabric to yield either locally or as awhole to strains or blows, which by virtue of the properties inherent inthis improved fabric are distributed and dispersed in all directions.This improved fabric is formed in the contour of two or more series ofwaves or undulations crossing each other at an angle,'the waves of eachseries partaking of the undulatory form of the waves of the otherseries. In this way the continuity of'the waves of each series is pretheother direction.

served'aud the undulatory contour of the fabric is maintained indifierent directions-' as, for example, longitudinally and transverselyof a sheet-thereby enabling the sheet to be stretched in any or alldirections.

I am aware that various paper fabrics have heretofore been softened andmade flexible by corrugations or creases, and I am also aware that paperfabrics have heretofore beencorrugated in two directions, longitudinallyand transversely of the sheet; but in all such prior instances knowntome these cross-corrugations have been made by passing the fabric twicebetween fluted or corrugated rolls, first in onedirection and then inThe effect of the second or crosswise passage between the rolls is tointerrupt or altogether remove the continuity of the firstseries ofcorrugations to a greater or less extent, accordingto the character anddampness of the fabric and the con tour .of the rolls. A fabric thustreated will- I which it passed, diminishing or re-forming to a. greateror less extent f the corrugations 59 formed by the firstlpassage throughthe rolls.

the preceding figures.

The piece of fabric 8 is provided with the' two series of wave-likeundulations l0 and 11. These two series are herein shown as crossingeach other at substantially right angles. The number of series of wavesemployed and the particular angles at which they cross each other are,however, not essential features of the present invention. The waves 10are herein shown to be much wider apart than the waves 11; but theyinayobviously be spaced in any desired relation, equal or unequal, regularor irregular, ac-

cording to the particular pattern appearance desired'or according to anyother influencing considerations.

By reference to the figures it will be seen,

that the contour of each wave of both series is continuous, by reason ofthe fact that each series of waves partakes'of the undulating contour ofthe other series. Hence the fabric is disposed in a contour which isundulating in directions which are at an angle with each other. As mostclearlyshown in Fig. 3,

the waves 10 enable the fabric to be readily stretched in a directiontransversely to those waves, while, as shown in Fig. 4, the waves 11enable the fabric to be stretched in a direction at right angles tothose waves. These crossing series of waves are preferably disposedsubstantially at right angles with each other, especially when only twoseries are employed, as herein illustrated, and when it is desirable toconfer upon the fabric the greatest degree of elasticity in alldirections. Whenthe fabric-8 or the fabric 12 of Fig. 5

is stretched in a diagonal direction to both -series of waves, eachseries contributes to the stretch in a proportion determined by its an;

gular relation to the line of pull. For example,

an angle of forty-five degrees with both waves.

It is obvious, however, that the two series of waves may be disposed atany desired angular relation with each other or with the sheet offabric. It will also be apparent from Figs.

- 2, 3, and 4 that the waves of the two series need not be equal indepth or in width. Most paper fabrics havea natural tendency to stretchmore readily in one direction than in the other, and this or anysothercharacteristic of the material may and should be taken into account indetermining the dimensions and proportions of the two series of waves orcorrugations. By the process and mechanism which I propose to employ forforming these compound contour waves they are formed in all directionsat the same time, so that neither series has any tendency to obliteratethe other series. That process and mechanism,

however, form no part of the present inven= tion.

I claim as my invention- '1. A paper fabric having the contour of aplurality of a series of waves crossing each other at an angle, thewaves of each series partaking of the undulatory form of the waves ofthe other series.

2. A paper fabric having the contour of two series of waves, crossingeach other substantially at right angles, all portions of the waves ofeach series partaking of the undulatory form of the waves of the otherseries.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

4 JAMES ARKELL. Witnesses:

' 0. DzLE-MMON BARTLETT ARKELL.

